Assessing the Impact of Religions and Castes on Population Fertility in an EAG District of India

Abstract

Culture and subculture have given an imprint on social and economic development. Alongside, it has an impact on different aspects of social change and the extent of modernisation in a region. The present study investigates the role of religion and caste in determining the fertility and the causes responsible for religious and caste fertility differential in Sagar district. This district is geographically located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. 

To examine the contribution of religion and caste on a change in fertility in temporal scale, both primary and secondary data have been collected and were used for the analysis of the results of this study. The primary data, which was collected through a field survey, were conducted in the study area, and the secondary data were obtained from the Census of India (1981-2011). In order to receive more accurate results, statistical techniques—Multiple Classification Analysis, Logistic Regression Analysis and Decomposition Analysis have been applied. To find out the role of individual socioeconomic characteristics on religious fertility, Multiple classification analysis technique has been used in this study and Logistic regression analysis was applied to probe the likelihood of contraception adoption by the various socioeconomic backgrounds, while, Decomposition analysis has been conducted to probe the religious and caste composition change on temporal scale fertility change.

The findings demonstrate that the Muslim and Scheduled population (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) have very high fertility than that of the other segments of society. Moreover, the inclination of fertility transition (from high to low) among other religions (Christians, Sikh and Jain) begins earlier than that of the Hindus, Muslims and Scheduled population. As per the decomposition analysis, the share of Hindu population was more prominent in reducing the fertility which gradually decreased from the decade 1981-91 to 2001-11, while the share of the schedule population and others religions have dramatically decreased during the period.  On the other hand, the role of scheduled population and Muslim community has phenomenally increased for changing fertility behaviour. The analysis of the study suggests that education and adequate employment opportunities have reduced the role of religion and caste on fertility in the study area.

Keywords

Parity progression ratios, Multiple classification Analysis, Logistic regression, Decomposition Analysis, Religious fertility

Author Biography

Kalyan Sundar Som

RESUME

  PERSONAL BIODATA:

                        Name                           :           KALYAN SUNDAR SOM    

                        Father`s name              :           Ashok Som                                   

                        Date of birth                :           19^th March 1991

                        Category                      :           General 

                        Sex                              :           Male

                        Marital status               :           Unmarried

                        Nationality                   :           Indian

                        Present Address           :           Room No. 33, Raman Hostel University Campus,

                                                                        Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P. 470003

                        Permanent Address      :           Village- Uchitpur Post- Sanktia

                                                                        District- Burdwan (West Bengal), 713408

                        Contact No.                 :           918251828390

                        E- Mail                          :          kalyansundarsom@gmail.com

                        Language                     :           English, Bengali, Hindi

ACADEMIC  CAREER / BACKGROUND

Examination

Board/ University

Subject

Grade/ Div. (%)

Year

10^th

WB  Board of Secondary Education

Both Sc. & Social Sc. subjects

I

(62.25%)

2006

12^th

West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education

Geography, Philosophy, Sanskrit, Economics

I

(77.2%)

2008

B.A.

The University of  Burdwan  (WB)

Geography(Honours), Pol. Science, Economics

II

(56.75%)

2011

M.A.

Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar

Geography

High First Class

A+

(9.00/9.00)

2013

NET

UGC

Geography

Dec. 2012

JRF

UGC

Geography

Dec. 2013

JRF

CSIR-UGC

Earth Science

AIR 51^th Rank

June 2014

NET

UGC

Population Studies

June 2015

• First position in the University

AWARDS/ SCHOLARSHIPS

1. Merit cum Means Scholarship by West Bengal Government from 2009 to 2011.
2. Departmental Research Fellowship.
3. Awarded Junior Research Fellowship by UGC, 2014
4. Awarded Junior Research Fellowship by CSIR-UGC, 2014
5. Awarded Senior Research Fellowship by UGC, 2016.
6. First Prize for Paper presentation in National Seminar Chhindwara (M.P.).

SUBJECTIVE SOFTWARE PROFICIENCY:

Digital Mapping and Remote Sensing

Statistical Software

Demographical Software

Arc GIS, 10.1

SPSS 16.0

Spectrum 5.0

Erdas Imagine, 2013

R-Statistical package

DEAP

Map Info

MORTPAK

FPET

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS in JOURNAL

1. Research Paper entitled “Education, Religion, Development and Regional Patterns of Fertility in West Bengal†is Published in the research journal “Indian Journal of Spatial Science†on ISSN: 2249 - 3921, Vol. 08, No. 1, March, 2017.
2. Research Paper entitled “Trends, Pattern and Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate in Odisha, India†is Published in the research journal “Annals†on. ISSN: 0970-972X, Vol. XXXVI, No. 2, December, 2016.
3. Research Paper entitled “Fertility and RCH status in Madhya Pradesh: A District Level Analysis†is Published in the research journal “Transactions†on ISSN: 0970-972X, Vol. 38, No. 2, December, 2016.
4. Research Paper entitled “Trends, Pattern and Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate in Madhya Pradesh†communicated “Population Geographer†on ISSN:0256-5331, Vol. 38 No. 2 Dec. 2016.
5. Research Paper entitled “Regional Disparity in Level of Development in West Bengal†is published in the research journal “The Deccan Geographer†ISSN: 0011-7269, Vol. 54, No.-1, June 2016.
6. Research Paper entitled “Reproductive and Child Health Status in EAG state: A district level Analysis†is published in the research journal “National Geographical Journal of India, (NGJI-BHU)†ISSN: 0027-9374, Vol. 62, No.-2, June 2016.
7. Research Paper entitled “Population Projection and Future Requirements for India and Madhya Pradesh: Vision 2050†is published in the research journal “Geographical Review of India†ISSN: 0375-6386, Vol. 78, No. 1, March, 2016.
8. Research Paper entitled “The reality of food scarcity in Madhya Pradesh: is it a glimpse or not†is Published in the research journal “The Geographer†ISSN: 0072-0909, Vol. 62, No.-2, July 2015.
9. Research Paper entitled “BIMARU states: Need a rethinking†is Published in the research journal “IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science†e- ISSN: 2279-0837 & P-ISSN: 2279-0845, Vol. 19, Issue 7, July 2014.
10. Research Paper entitled “Literacy and Their Differential in West Bengal†is published in the research journal “International Journal of Science and Research†ISSN: 2319-7064, Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2014.
11. Research Paper entitled “Gender Imbalance: Trends, Pattern and its Impact on West Bengal†is published in the research journal “International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications†ISSN: 2250-3153, Vol. 4, Issue 7, July 2014.
12. Research Paper entitled “Knowledge, Adoption of Contraceptive and Fertility: An Analysis Based on Social Accountability†is published in the research journal “European Academic Research†ISSN: 2286-4822, Vol. II, Issue 8, November 2014.

Communicated

1. Research Paper entitled “Public Health Scenario and Development in Madhya Pradesh†communicated “Eastern Geographer†on. 2016.
2. Research Paper entitled “Religion and Regions of Fertility in India: A study from Indian Census, 2011†communicated “Geographical Review of India†on Jan. 2017.
3. Research Paper entitled “Food and Nutritional Availability in Rural Areas of Sagar District†communicated “Madhya Bharati†on Feb. 2017.
4. Research Paper entitled “Education, Religion and Regions of Fertility in Madhya Pradesh: A study from Indian Census, 2011†communicated “The Deccan Geographer†on Feb. 2017.
5. Research Paper entitled “Education and Cast Impact on Fertility of India: A study from Indian Census, 2011†communicated “European Journal of Geography†on Apr. 2017.
6. Research Paper entitled “Implication of Age-Sex Structure and Future Requirements for SAARC Countries: Vision 2050†communicated “Asian Geographer†on May. 2017.

TRAINING/WORKSHOP

1. Short Course on “Digital Mapping & Geographical Information System†conducted by NATMO (Government of India) at Research, Development and Training Division in Kolkata from 01/09/2014 to 26/09/2014.
2. 13th Satellite Based Distance Learning Program on "Basics of Remote Sensing, GIS & GNSS" conducted by ISRO (Government of India) from August to November 14, 2014.
3. Winter School on “Statistical Data Analysis Methods†conducted by Indian Statistical Institute (Government of India) from February 16-20, 2015.
4. 14^th IIRS outreach programme on “Application of remote sensing and geographical information system for natural resources†conducted by ISRO (Government of India) from 27^th January to March 27, 2015.
5. Training on “Bhuvan Overview†conducted by National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad (Government of India) from August 24-25, 2015.
6. National level training on “Geospatial Technologies and its Application†conducted by KSCST (Supported by NRDMS Division, Government of India) from 21 September to October 09, 2015.
7. The international training workshop on “Big Data for Science and Sustainability in Developing Countries†conducted by ICSU-CODATA Task Group from 17 march to 19 march, 2017, Hyderabad, India.

RESEARCH PAPER/ARTICLES on CONFERENCE/SEMINARS

1. Presented a research Paper entitled “Spatial Pattern of Literacy and their Differentials in Madhya Pradesh, India†in the National Seminar and National Geography Youth Summit (Bangalore, 9-11 June 2014).
2. Presented a research Paper entitled “Health and Well-Being of Mother and Children Based on Birth Spacing Analysis†in the 36^th Indian Geographers’ Meet and International Seminar (Gauhati University, 25-28 February 2015).
3. Presented a research Paper entitled “Mortality Profile of Bihar: A Comparison with India, 1981-2011†in the National Seminar on Dynamics of Population and Development (Department of Geography, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University, Gorakhpur (U.P.), 28^th & 1 March, 2015).
4. Presented a research Paper entitled “Social Aspects of Population Age-Sex Structure: A Geographical study of Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh†in the 10^th DGSI International Geography Conference (MLSU, Udaipur, 17-19 October 2015).
5. Presented a research Paper entitled “Transforming of Tribal Agricultural and Poverty Reduction in Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh†in the 10^th DGSI International Geography Conference (MLSU, Udaipur, 17-19 October 2015).
6. Presented a research Paper entitled “Trend, Pattern and Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate of Odisha, India†in the 5^th NAGI International Geography Conference (Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 05-07 February 2016).
7. Presented a research Paper entitled “Female Educational Status of Madhya Pradesh†in the National Seminar on “Horizons of Tribal Development†Organized by Department of Anthropology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, 29^th -30^th March 2016.
8. Presented a research Paper entitled “Scenario of Reproductive and Child Health Status in BIMARU States†in the International Conference (Delhi University, Delhi, 01-02 February 2017).
9. Presented a research Paper entitled “Efficiency of RCH Programme, Using DEA: A Study of M. P.†in the International Geographical Union, Conference (Osmania University, Hyderabad, 17-19 March 2017).
10. Presented a research Paper entitled “Dimension of Tribal fertility in Madhya Pradesh†in the National Seminar on “Scenario of Tribal Development in India: Problems & Prospects†Organized by Department of Geography, Government College Bichhua, Chhindwara (M.P.), 27^th -28^th March 2017.
11. Presented a research Paper entitled “India’s Population: Increasing Number and Decreasing Rate†in the National Seminar on “Scenario of Tribal Development in India: Problems & Prospects†Organized by Department of Geography, Government College Bichhua, Chhindwara (M.P.), 27^th -28^th March 2017.

MEMBERSHIP

Life Member

1. National Association of Geographer of India (NAGI), (Life Member).
2. Indian National Cartographic Association (INCA, Hyderabad), (Life Member).
3. Institute of India Geographers (IIG, Pune), (Life Member).
4. Indian Association For Social Science And Health (IASSH), (Life Member).
5. The Deccan Geographical Society, India (DGSI), (Life Member).
6. International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), (Life Member).
7. Association of Population Geographers of India (Life Member).
8. Geographical Review of India, (GRI, Kolkata) (Life Member).
9. Eastern Geographical Society (EGS, Odisha) (Life Member).

Annual Membership

1. Indian statistical Institute (ISI, Kolkata), (Annual Member).
2. Indian Association For The Study of population (IASP), (Annual Member).

PRESENT STATUS

Research Scholar (CSIR & UGC, SRF), under the supervision of Prof. R. P. Mishra, Department of General and Applied Geography, Dr. HariSingh Gour Central University Sagar, Madhya Pradesh.

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