Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Sustainable Development

Perspective

Labourers Migrating to the Construction Sector in the State of Haryana: An Analysis of Push and Pull Factors

https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v11i2.1322

Published 2023-09-30

  • Sonu Madan
    • ,
  • Pooja Dangi

Sonu Madan
Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana

Pooja Dangi
Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur-Rewari

Abstract

Migration is a global phenomenon which has a vital role in any region’s economic development. This study examines the major push and pull factors of the migration of labourers towards the construction sector of the state of Haryana. Alongside this, the study also sheds light on the socio‐economic conditions of migrant labourers. For this purpose, the study was conducted among 200 migrant labourers engaged in the construction sector of Hisar, Rohtak, Panipat, and Kurukshetra districts of Haryana, with the help of a well-designed questionnaire. It has been found that among the pull factors— higher wages, job opportunities, and consistent work are the major causes of migration. Among push factors, unemployment and low wages are responsible for migration from their native place to their place of destination. Apart from this, wage differences and better living standards also attract labourers to Haryana. So far as improvement in the status of migrants’ is concerned, the study found that the socio-economic status of migrant labourers has improved after they migrated to the state of Haryana.

Keywords

Pull Factors, Labourers, Migration, Construction Sector, Haryana, India

pdf

References

  1. Aggarwal, D.K., Aggarwal, S., & Multani, P. (2020). Progressive Haryana: Steady growth strides into the future. PHD Chamber of commerce and industry, Research Bureau. 1-60. https://www.phdcci.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Progressive-Haryana-Steady-Growth-Strides-into-the-Future-1.pdf
  2. Bala, A. (2017). Migration in India: Causes and consequences. International Journal of Advanced Educational Research, 2(4), 54-56. https://mugberiagangadharmahavidyalaya.org/images/ques_answer/15864662292-4-63-793.pdf
  3. Bhattacharyya, R., Sarma, P.K. & Das, T.K. (2023). Mass exodus of India’s internal migrant labourers during the first phase of COVID-19: a critical analysis. SN Social Sciences. 3, 108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-023-00691-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-023-00691-x
  4. Brar, K., & Seo, B. (2021). Migration pattern across the Indian states- analysis of census. Advances in Politics and Economics. 1(4), 1-23. DOI:10.22158/ape.v4n1p20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22158/ape.v4n1p20
  5. Deshingkar, P. & Akter (2013). Migration and human development in India. United Nations Human Development Programme, Human Development Research Report 9/13. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19193/
  6. Gurieva, K.L., & Dzhioev, V.A. (2015). Economic theories of labourers migration. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science. 6(57), 101-109. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s7p101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s7p101
  7. Guru, S. K. (2010). Push and pull factors of migration: A case study of brick kiln migrant workers in Punjab. Guru Arjan Dev Institute of development Studies. MPRA, 30036, 1-34. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68462/1/MPRA_paper
  8. Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M.P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two- Sector analysis. The American Economics Review. 6(l), 126-142. https://ideas.repec.org/a/aea/aecrev/v60y1970i1p126-42.htm
  9. India Brand Equity Foundation (2021). Haryana State Presentation, India Brand Equity Foundation. https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana
  10. Indian States Briefs. (2018). https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/brief/india-states-briefs-haryana
  11. Kainth, G. S. (2009). Push and pull factors of migration: a case of brick kiln industry of Punjab state. Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Sciences. 2(1), 82-116. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30036/
  12. Kaur, B., Singh, J.M., Gargh, B.R., Singh, J., Singh, S. (2011). Causes and impact of labourers migration: A case study of Punjab agricultural. Agricultural Economics Research Review. 24(1), 459-466. DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.119397
  13. Manoj, P.K., & Viswanath, V. (2015). Socio-economic conditions of migrant labourers- An empirical study in Kerala. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 5(11), 89-93. https://www.shram.org/uploadFiles/20170711023439.pdf
  14. Misra, P., & Alam, M. S. (2014). Urban informal sector & migrants. International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review. 2(4), 72-86. https://www.shram.org/researchpapers/papers/20141202012610
  15. Madan, S. & Mor, S. (2022). Is Gender Earnings Gap a Reality? Signals from Indian Labour Market. Statistika: Statistic and Economy Journal. 102(2), 168-183. https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2021.19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54694/stat.2021.19
  16. Madan, S. and Mor, S. (2020). Skill and Wage-Earning Potential: Evidences from Indian Labour Market. Statistika: Statistic and Economy Journal, 100(4), 392-407. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347445940_Skill_and_Wage-Earning_Potential_Evidence_from_Indian_Labour_Market
  17. National Commission for Enterprises in Un-Organized Sector, (2015). Conditions of work and promotion of live hood in unorganized sector. National Commission for Enterprises in Un-Organized sector. https://msme.gov.in/national-commission-enterprises-un-organised-sector
  18. Pradeep, D., Adaina, K. C., & Kahmei, S. (2020). Well-being of North Eastern Migrant Workers in Bangalore. Indian Journal of Human Development, 14(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973703020916887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0973703020916887
  19. Mukerjee, P., Paul, B., & Pathan, J. I. (2011). Migrant workers in informal sector: a probe into working conditions. ATLMRI Discussion Paper Series Discussion Paper, (9), 1-30.
  20. Paunikar, R. K. (2015). Socio-economic status of unorganized workers trained by central board for workers education at Nagpur district. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research. 3(4), 279-282. https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/socio-economic-status-of-unorganized-workers-trained-by-central-board-for-workers-education-at-nagpur-district
  21. Saikia, D. (2010). Migrant workers in Kerala: A study on their socio-economic conditions. MPRA paper no. 6846. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68462/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2757483
  22. Sanyal, T., & Maity, K. (2019). On labourers migration in India trends, causes and impacts. Economic Affairs. 63(1), 57-69. DOI:10.30954/0424-2513.2018.00150.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30954/0424-2513.2018.00150.8
  23. Sathaya, P. (2014). Issues of unorganized labourers in India. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 6(4), 44-46. https://www.worldwidejournals.com/indian-journal-of-applied-research-(IJAR)/special_articles.php?si_val=MjY2&b1=33&k=9
  24. Shamala, B. D. (2021). The push and pull factors of migration – A study of migrant construction workers in Bangalore. International Advanced Research Journal in Science. Engineering and Technology. 8(10), 79-84. DOI:10.17148/IARJSET.2021.81015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17148/IARJSET.2021.81015
  25. Srivastava R. (2011). Labour migration in India: Recent trends, patterns and policy issues. Indian Journal of Labour Economics. 54(3), 411–440. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319253996_Labour_migration_in_India_Recent_trends_patterns_and_policy_issues
  26. Srivastava, R., & Sutradhar, R. (2016). Internal labourers migration to the construction sector in south Asian and its impact on poverty and wellbeing. Indian Journal of Human Development, 10(1), 27-48. DOI:10.1177/0973703016648028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0973703016648028
  27. Srivastava R., Keshari K., Gaur K., Padhi B., & Jha A. K. (2020). Internal migration in India and the impact of uneven regional development and demographic transition across states: a study for evidence-based policy recommendations (e-book). Institute of Human Development, 1-285. https://india.unfpa.org/en/publications/internal-migration-india-and-impact-uneven-regional-development-and-demographic
  28. State Statistical Abstract of Haryana (2018). https://esaharyana.gov.in/document/state-statistical-abstract-of-haryana-2017-18/
  29. Swan. (2020). Covid-19 Lockdown, migrant workers, and the inadequacy of welfare measures in India, April 2020.
  30. https://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/article31442220.ece/binary/Lockdown-and-Distress_Report-by-Stranded-Workers-Action-Network.pdf
  31. Tipayalai, K. (2020). Impact of international labourers migration on regional economic growth in Thailand. Journal of Economic Structure, 2-19. DOI:10.1186/s40008-020-00192-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00192-7
  32. Turrey, A. A. (2016). An analysis of internal migration types in India in purview of its social and economic impacts. International Journal of Economic and Business Review. 4(1), 157-164. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330564587_AN_ANALYSIS_OF_INTERNAL_MIGRATION_TYPES_IN_INDIA_IN_PURVIEW_OF_ITS_SOCIAL_AND_ECONOMIC_IMPACTS
  33. Vasavi, B., Chandrasekhar S., & Sharma, A. (2020). Regional patterns and determinants of commuting between rural and urban India. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics. 4(63), 1041–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00276-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00276-9
  34. World Bank. (2016). https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2016/05/27/india-s-poverty-profile
  35. World Bank. (2023). https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india/overview

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.