Effect of COVID-19 on Students Studying in the Secondary and Higher Secondary Level
Abstract
The novel Corona virus has been declared a pandemic due to its high transmissibility rate, influencing human life to its heights. It has affected the psychological and mental health of all people, including the functioning of various sectors. This study is based on a micro-level survey that discusses the pandemic's effect on 600 students pursuing education in secondary and higher secondary levels in Kolkata. The school students’ effect was analysed based on four parameters— school, home, a shift in the medium of education from offline to online, and the effect on the students’ future plans, aims, and ambition. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire, which was comprised of structured and semi-structured questions circulated online among the respondents. The respondents were asked to initially rank the indicators and the variables they considered the most critical cause affecting their studies. The respondents were then asked to rate the indicators on a five-point Likert scale to judge the degree of impact of the variables on the respondents.
Keywords
COVID-19, Internet Connectivity, Practical Examinations, Digital Divide, Risk, Financial Problems, Secondary and Higher Secondary Levels, Kolkata, India
References
- Abdulamir, A.S. & Hafidh, R.R. (2020). The Possible Immunological Pathways for the Variable Immunopathogenesis of Covid-19 Infections Among Healthy Adults, Elderly And Children, Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(4), 1-4, https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7850 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7850
- Academic Impact. (2020, May 4). Covid-19 And Higher Education: Learning to Unlearn to Create Education for the Future. Academic Impact. Https://Academicimpact.UN.Org/Content/Covid-19-And-Higher-Education-Learning-Unlearn-Create-Education-Future.
- Ackerman, J. M., Becker, D. V., Mortensen, C. R., Sasaki, T., Neuberg, S. L., & Kenrick, D. T. (2009). A Pox on the Mind: Disjunction of Attention and Memory in the Processing Of Physical Disfigurement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45 (3), 478 -485, doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.008
- Aneshensel, C. S. (1992). Social Stress: Theory and Research. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 15- 38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.000311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.000311
- Bassett, R.M., & Arnhold, N. (2020). Covid-19’s Immns Impact on Equity in Tertiary Education. World Bank: Education For Global Development. https://tinyurl.com/p9eumdac
- Business Insider India. (2020, May 13). Indian Stem Aspirants Reconsider Their Plans to Pursue Higher Education Abroad Due to Covid-19 Pandemic. India. Business Insider. https://tinyurl.com/f9jr758z
- Chahrour, M., Assi, S., Bejjani, M., Nasarallah, A. A., Salhab, H., Fares, M., Khachfe, H. H. (2020, March 21). A Bibliometric Analysis of Covid-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output. Cureus, 12(3), 1-8. Doi 10.7759/cureus.7357. Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang. L., He, Li., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental Health Care for Medical Staff In China During The Covid-19 Outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 1-2, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
- Choudhary, R. (2020, April 16). E-Learning: Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact And Strategies For Education Sector In India. Economic Times news. https://tinyurl.com/4sn4wm6x
- Chunfeng, X. (2020). A Novel Approach of Consultation on 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19)- Related Psychological and Mental Problems: Structured Letter Therapy. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(2), 175- 176, https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0047
- Cowling, B. J., Ng, D.M., Ip, D., K., Liao, Q., Lam, Wendy, W. T., Wu, Joseph T., Lau, Joseph T.F., Griffiths, S. M., Fielding, R. (2010). Community Psychological and Behavioural Responses Through the First wave of the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in Hong Kong. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases, 202(6), 867-876, https://doi.org/10.1086/655811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/655811
- Depietro, A. (2020). Here’s A Look at the Impact Of Coronavirus (Covid-19) on Colleges and Universities In The U.S., United States. https://tinyurl.com/3dbdzcs4
- Duan, L. & Gang, Z. (2020). Psychological Interventions for People Affected by the Covid-19 Epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2215-0366(20)30073-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
- Education Today News (2020, April 7). How Is the Covid-19 Pandemic Affecting Education All Over The World? Education Today News. https://tinyurl.com/3phcth3s
- Education Today News (2020). Covid-19: 4 Negative Impacts And 4 Opportunities Created For Education. New Delhi: Education Today News.
- Farooqui, S. (2020, May 1). Education in the Time In The Time Of Covid-19: How Institutions And Students Are Coping. Business Standard News. https://tinyurl.com/n84y9dds
- Gabriels, W. & Benke, R. A. (2020). Student Exchanges in Times Of Crisis. Europe: Erasmus Student Network Aisbl.https://tinyurl.com/5n773k2
- Icef Monitor (2020). Measuring Covid-19’s Impact On Higher Education. U.S.: Icef Monitior. https://tinyurl.com/bzsvz7zj
- Jamieson, S. (2017). Likert Scale. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1. https://www.britannica.com/print/article/1085454
- Kasrekar, D. & Tapaaswi, G. W. (2020, May, 16). Impact of Covid-19 On Education System In India. India. https://tinyurl.com/p3dyzkb2
- Khan, S., Siddique, R., Li, H., Ali, A., Shereen, M.A., Bashir, N., Xue, M. (2020). Impact Of Coronavirus Outbreak On Psychological Health. Journal of Global Health, 10(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.10.010331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010331
- Khosravi, M. (2020). Perceived Risk Of Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role Of Public Worry And Trust. Electronic Journal Of General Medicine, 17(4), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7856 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7856
- Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology- research And Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited.
- Lai, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J. & Hsueh, P. R. (2020). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2). International Journal Of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3), 5- 15. 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924
- Langella, M. (2020). Covid-19 And Higher Education: Some Of The Effects On Students And Institutions And How To Alleviate Them. London: British Politics And Policy At Lse. https://tinyurl.com/2hpjm55n
- Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N. & Zhu, T. (2020, March 19). The Impact of Covid- 19 Epidemic Declaration On Psychological Consequences: A Study On Active Weibo Users. International Journal On Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(6), 1-7. Doi:10.3390/ijerph17062032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032
- Mortensen, C. R., Becker, D. V., Ackerman, J. M., Neuberg, S. L. & Kenrick, D.T. (2010). Infection Breeds Reticence: The Effects Of Disease Salience on Self Perceptions of Personality and Behavioral Avoidance Tendencies. Psychological Science, 21(3), 440- 447. doi: 10.1177/0956797610361706 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610361706
- Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J. & Watson, P. J. (2002). 60, 000 Disaster Victims Speak: Part II- Summary and Implications of the Disaster Mental Health Research. Psychiatry. 65(3), 240- 249. doi:10.1521/psyc.65.3.240.20169 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.65.3.240.20169
- North East Now (2020, May 13). Covid-19 Pandemic To Impact Study Abroad Plans Of Indian Students. https://tinyurl.com/yexp9tav
- Sahani, U. (2020, March 6). Covid-19 in India: Education Disrupted and Lessons Learned. https://tinyurl.com/ytjmm8u8.
- Sahu, P. (2020, April 4). Closure Of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students And Academic Staff. Cureus, 12(4), 1-6. Doi:10.7759/cureus.7541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541
- Schaller, M. & Murray, D. R. (2008). Pathogens, Personality and Culture: Disease Prevalence Predicts Worldwide Variability in Sociosexuality, Extraversion and Openness to Experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 212-221. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.212
- Schaller, M., Murray, D. R. & Bangerter, A. (2015). Implications of the Behavioural System for Social Behaviour and Human Health in the Modern World. Philosophical Transactions B, 370, 2-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0105
- Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of Risk. Science, 236. 280- 285. Doi:10.1126/science.3563507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507
- Terrizzi Jr., J. A., Shook, N. J. & Mcdaniel, M. A., (2013). The Behavioral Immune System and Social Conservatism: A Meta-Analysis. Evolution And Human Behavior, 99- 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.003
- The Economic Times (2020, April 5). Study Abroad Dreams Shattered Or Delayed Due To Covid- 19, Students Look For Plan B. https://tinyurl.com/ffbkynau
- The New Indian Express (2020, May 1). Covid-19 and the Blow to the Education Sector. https://tinyurl.com/59za2fbd
- The North East Today (2020, March 6). Covid-19 and its Impact on Students in Meghalaya: Myths & Reality. https://tinyurl.com/mazs7dt9
- Weber, E. U., Anderson C. J. & Birnbaum, M. H. (1992). A Theory Of Perceived Risk And Attractiveness. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 52, 492-523. Doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(92)90030-B DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(92)90030-B
- Weerd, W. V., Timmermans, D. R, Beaujean, D. J., Oudhoff, J. & Steenbergen, J. E. (2011). Monitoring the Level of Government Trust, Risk Perception And Intention of the General Public To Adopt Protective Measures During the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 11, 1-12. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-575 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-575
- World Health Organisation (2020). WHO Director General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on Covid-19- 11 March 2020. World Health Organisation. https://tinyurl.com/373f5jf7
- Yang , Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Cheung, T. & Xiang, Y. T. (2020) Mental Health Services for Older Adults in China During the Covid-19 Outbreak. Psychiatry, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2215-0366(20)30079-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30079-1
- Yanping, B., Yankun, S., Shiqiu, M., Jie, S. & Lin, L. (2020). 2019-Ncov Epidemic: Address Mental Health Care To Empower Society. The Lancet, 395, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30309-3
- Yoko, I., Chapman, G. B., Meyers, L. A., Li, M. & Galvani, A. P. (2010). The Dynamics Of Risk Perceptions and Precautionary Behaviour in Response to 2009 (H1N1) Pandemic Influenza. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2010. 10, 2-11.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-296
- Zee News (2020). Coronavirus Covid-19 Pandemic To Impact Study Abroad Plans Of Over 48% Indian Students: Qs Report. New Delhi, India: Zee News. https://tinyurl.com/cj34n9sw